aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/sound/resample.cpp
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'sound/resample.cpp')
-rw-r--r--sound/resample.cpp713
1 files changed, 713 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/sound/resample.cpp b/sound/resample.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8dc63af6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/resample.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+/*
+* July 5, 1991
+* Copyright 1991 Lance Norskog And Sundry Contributors
+* This source code is freely redistributable and may be used for
+* any purpose. This copyright notice must be maintained.
+* Lance Norskog And Sundry Contributors are not responsible for
+* the consequences of using this software.
+*/
+
+/*
+ * Sound Tools rate change effect file.
+ * Spiffy rate changer using Smith & Wesson Bandwidth-Limited Interpolation.
+ * The algorithm is described in "Bandlimited Interpolation -
+ * Introduction and Algorithm" by Julian O. Smith III.
+ * Available on ccrma-ftp.stanford.edu as
+ * pub/BandlimitedInterpolation.eps.Z or similar.
+ *
+ * The latest stand alone version of this algorithm can be found
+ * at ftp://ccrma-ftp.stanford.edu/pub/NeXT/
+ * under the name of resample-version.number.tar.Z
+ *
+ * NOTE: There is a newer version of the resample routine then what
+ * this file was originally based on. Those adventurous might be
+ * interested in reviewing its improvesments and porting it to this
+ * version.
+ */
+
+/* Fixed bug: roll off frequency was wrong, too high by 2 when upsampling,
+ * too low by 2 when downsampling.
+ * Andreas Wilde, 12. Feb. 1999, andreas@eakaw2.et.tu-dresden.de
+*/
+
+/*
+ * October 29, 1999
+ * Various changes, bugfixes(?), increased precision, by Stan Brooks.
+ *
+ * This source code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ */
+/*
+ * SJB: [11/25/99]
+ * TODO: another idea for improvement...
+ * note that upsampling usually doesn't require interpolation,
+ * therefore is faster and more accurate than downsampling.
+ * Downsampling by an integer factor is also simple, since
+ * it just involves decimation if the input is already
+ * lowpass-filtered to the output Nyquist freqency.
+ * Get the idea? :)
+ */
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "rate.h"
+
+/* resample includes */
+#include "resample.h"
+
+/* this Float MUST match that in filter.c */
+#define Float double/*float*/
+
+/* largest factor for which exact-coefficients upsampling will be used */
+#define NQMAX 511
+
+#define BUFFSIZE 8192 /*16384*/ /* Total I/O buffer size */
+
+/* Private data for Lerp via LCM file */
+typedef struct resamplestuff {
+ double Factor; /* Factor = Fout/Fin sample rates */
+ double rolloff; /* roll-off frequency */
+ double beta; /* passband/stopband tuning magic */
+ int quadr; /* non-zero to use qprodUD quadratic interpolation */
+ long Nmult;
+ long Nwing;
+ long Nq;
+ Float *Imp; /* impulse [Nwing+1] Filter coefficients */
+
+ double Time; /* Current time/pos in input sample */
+ long dhb;
+
+ long a, b; /* gcd-reduced input,output rates */
+ long t; /* Current time/pos for exact-coeff's method */
+
+ long Xh; /* number of past/future samples needed by filter */
+ long Xoff; /* Xh plus some room for creep */
+ long Xread; /* X[Xread] is start-position to enter new samples */
+ long Xp; /* X[Xp] is position to start filter application */
+ long Xsize, Ysize; /* size (Floats) of X[],Y[] */
+ long Yposition; /* FIXME: offset into Y buffer */
+ Float *X, *Y; /* I/O buffers */
+} *resample_t;
+
+static void LpFilter(double c[],
+ long N,
+ double frq,
+ double Beta,
+ long Num);
+
+/* makeFilter is used by filter.c */
+int makeFilter(Float Imp[],
+ long Nwing,
+ double Froll,
+ double Beta,
+ long Num,
+ int Normalize);
+
+static long SrcUD(resample_t r, long Nx);
+static long SrcEX(resample_t r, long Nx);
+
+
+/*
+ * Process options
+ */
+int st_resample_getopts(eff_t effp, int n, char **argv) {
+ resample_t r = (resample_t) effp->priv;
+
+ /* These defaults are conservative with respect to aliasing. */
+ r->rolloff = 0.80;
+ r->beta = 16; /* anything <=2 means Nutall window */
+ r->quadr = 0;
+ r->Nmult = 45;
+
+ /* This used to fail, but with sox-12.15 it works. AW */
+ if ((n >= 1)) {
+ if (!strcmp(argv[0], "-qs")) {
+ r->quadr = 1;
+ n--;
+ argv++;
+ } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "-q")) {
+ r->rolloff = 0.875;
+ r->quadr = 1;
+ r->Nmult = 75;
+ n--;
+ argv++;
+ } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "-ql")) {
+ r->rolloff = 0.94;
+ r->quadr = 1;
+ r->Nmult = 149;
+ n--;
+ argv++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((n >= 1) && (sscanf(argv[0], "%lf", &r->rolloff) != 1)) {
+ st_fail("Usage: resample [ rolloff [ beta ] ]");
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ } else if ((r->rolloff <= 0.01) || (r->rolloff >= 1.0)) {
+ st_fail("resample: rolloff factor (%f) no good, should be 0.01<x<1.0", r->rolloff);
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ }
+
+ if ((n >= 2) && !sscanf(argv[1], "%lf", &r->beta)) {
+ st_fail("Usage: resample [ rolloff [ beta ] ]");
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ } else if (r->beta <= 2.0) {
+ r->beta = 0;
+ st_report("resample opts: Nuttall window, cutoff %f\n", r->rolloff);
+ } else {
+ st_report("resample opts: Kaiser window, cutoff %f, beta %f\n", r->rolloff, r->beta);
+ }
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare processing.
+ */
+int st_resample_start(eff_t effp, st_rate_t inrate, st_rate_t outrate) {
+ resample_t r = (resample_t) effp->priv;
+ long Xoff, gcdrate;
+ int i;
+
+ if (inrate == outrate) {
+ st_fail("Input and Output rates must be different to use resample effect");
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ }
+
+ r->Factor = (double)outrate / (double)inrate;
+
+ gcdrate = st_gcd(inrate, outrate);
+ r->a = inrate / gcdrate;
+ r->b = outrate / gcdrate;
+
+ if (r->a <= r->b && r->b <= NQMAX) {
+ r->quadr = -1; /* exact coeff's */
+ r->Nq = r->b; /* MAX(r->a,r->b); */
+ } else {
+ r->Nq = Nc; /* for now */
+ }
+
+ /* Check for illegal constants */
+# if 0
+ if (Lp >= 16)
+ st_fail("Error: Lp>=16");
+ if (Nb + Nhg + NLpScl >= 32)
+ st_fail("Error: Nb+Nhg+NLpScl>=32");
+ if (Nh + Nb > 32)
+ st_fail("Error: Nh+Nb>32");
+# endif
+
+ /* Nwing: # of filter coeffs in right wing */
+ r->Nwing = r->Nq * (r->Nmult / 2 + 1) + 1;
+
+ r->Imp = (Float *)malloc(sizeof(Float) * (r->Nwing + 2)) + 1;
+ /* need Imp[-1] and Imp[Nwing] for quadratic interpolation */
+ /* returns error # <=0, or adjusted wing-len > 0 */
+ i = makeFilter(r->Imp, r->Nwing, r->rolloff, r->beta, r->Nq, 1);
+ if (i <= 0) {
+ st_fail("resample: Unable to make filter\n");
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ }
+
+ st_report("Nmult: %ld, Nwing: %ld, Nq: %ld\n",r->Nmult,r->Nwing,r->Nq); // FIXME
+
+ if (r->quadr < 0) { /* exact coeff's method */
+ r->Xh = r->Nwing / r->b;
+ st_report("resample: rate ratio %ld:%ld, coeff interpolation not needed\n", r->a, r->b);
+ } else {
+ r->dhb = Np; /* Fixed-point Filter sampling-time-increment */
+ if (r->Factor < 1.0)
+ r->dhb = (long)(r->Factor * Np + 0.5);
+ r->Xh = (r->Nwing << La) / r->dhb;
+ /* (Xh * dhb)>>La is max index into Imp[] */
+ }
+
+ /* reach of LP filter wings + some creeping room */
+ Xoff = r->Xh + 10;
+ r->Xoff = Xoff;
+
+ /* Current "now"-sample pointer for input to filter */
+ r->Xp = Xoff;
+ /* Position in input array to read into */
+ r->Xread = Xoff;
+ /* Current-time pointer for converter */
+ r->Time = Xoff;
+ if (r->quadr < 0) { /* exact coeff's method */
+ r->t = Xoff * r->Nq;
+ }
+ i = BUFFSIZE - 2 * Xoff;
+ if (i < r->Factor + 1.0 / r->Factor) /* Check input buffer size */
+ {
+ st_fail("Factor is too small or large for BUFFSIZE");
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ }
+
+ r->Xsize = (long)(2 * Xoff + i / (1.0 + r->Factor));
+ r->Ysize = BUFFSIZE - r->Xsize;
+ st_report("Xsize %ld, Ysize %ld, Xoff %ld",r->Xsize,r->Ysize,r->Xoff); // FIXME
+
+ r->X = (Float *) malloc(sizeof(Float) * (BUFFSIZE));
+ r->Y = r->X + r->Xsize;
+ r->Yposition = 0;
+
+ /* Need Xoff zeros at beginning of sample */
+ for (i = 0; i < Xoff; i++)
+ r->X[i] = 0;
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Processed signed long samples from ibuf to obuf.
+ * Return number of samples processed.
+ */
+int st_resample_flow(eff_t effp, InputStream &input, st_sample_t *obuf, st_size_t *osamp) {
+ resample_t r = (resample_t) effp->priv;
+ long i, k, last;
+ long Nout; // The number of bytes we effectively output
+ long Nx; // The number of bytes we will read from input
+ long Nproc; // The number of bytes we process to generate Nout output bytes
+
+#if 1 // FIXME: Hack to generate stereo output
+ *osamp >>= 1;
+#endif
+
+ /* constrain amount we actually process */
+ fprintf(stderr,"Xp %d, Xread %d\n",r->Xp, r->Xread);
+
+ // Initially assume we process the full X buffer starting at the filter
+ // start position.
+ Nproc = r->Xsize - r->Xp;
+printf("FOO(1) Nproc %ld\n", Nproc);
+
+ // Nproc is bounded indirectly by the size of output buffer, and also by
+ // the remaining size of the Y buffer (whichever is smaller).
+ i = MIN(r->Ysize - r->Yposition, (long)*osamp);
+ if (Nproc * r->Factor >= i)
+ Nproc = (long)(i / r->Factor);
+
+printf("FOO(2) Nproc %ld\n", Nproc);
+
+ // Now that we know how many bytes we want to process, we determine
+ // how many bytes to read. We already have Xread bytes in our input
+ // buffer, so we need Nproc - r->Xread more bytes.
+ Nx = Nproc - r->Xread + r->Xoff + r->Xp; // FIXME: Fingolfing thinks this is the correct thing, not what's in the next line!
+// Nx = Nproc - r->Xread; /* space for right-wing future-data */
+ if (Nx <= 0) {
+ st_fail("resample: Can not handle this sample rate change. Nx not positive: %d", Nx);
+ return (ST_EOF);
+ }
+
+ // Nx is the number of bytes we'd like to read, but of course that is limited
+ // by the number of bytes actually available...
+ if (Nx > (long)input.size())
+ Nx = (long)input.size();
+ fprintf(stderr,"Nx %d\n",Nx);
+
+ // Read in Nx bytes
+ for (i = r->Xread; i < Nx + r->Xread ; i++)
+ r->X[i] = (Float)input.read();
+
+ last = Nx + r->Xread; // 'last' is the idx after the last valid byte in X (i.e. number of bytes are in buffer X right now)
+
+ // Finally compute the effective number of bytes to process
+ Nproc = last - r->Xoff - r->Xp;
+printf("FOO(3) Nproc %ld\n", Nproc);
+
+ if (Nproc <= 0) {
+ /* fill in starting here next time */
+ r->Xread = last;
+ /* leave *isamp alone, we consumed it */
+ *osamp = 0;
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ if (r->quadr < 0) { /* exact coeff's method */
+ long creep;
+ Nout = SrcEX(r, Nproc);
+ fprintf(stderr,"Nproc %d --> %d\n",Nproc,Nout);
+ /* Move converter Nproc samples back in time */
+ r->t -= Nproc * r->b;
+ /* Advance by number of samples processed */
+ r->Xp += Nproc;
+ /* Calc time accumulation in Time */
+ creep = r->t / r->b - r->Xoff;
+ if (creep) {
+ r->t -= creep * r->b; /* Remove time accumulation */
+ r->Xp += creep; /* and add it to read pointer */
+ fprintf(stderr,"Nproc %ld, creep %ld\n",Nproc,creep);
+ }
+ } else { /* approx coeff's method */
+ long creep;
+ Nout = SrcUD(r, Nproc);
+ fprintf(stderr,"Nproc %d --> %d\n",Nproc,Nout);
+ /* Move converter Nproc samples back in time */
+ r->Time -= Nproc;
+ /* Advance by number of samples processed */
+ r->Xp += Nproc;
+ /* Calc time accumulation in Time */
+ creep = (long)(r->Time - r->Xoff);
+ if (creep) {
+ r->Time -= creep; /* Remove time accumulation */
+ r->Xp += creep; /* and add it to read pointer */
+ fprintf(stderr,"Nproc %ld, creep %ld\n",Nproc,creep);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Copy back portion of input signal that must be re-used */
+ k = r->Xp - r->Xoff;
+ fprintf(stderr,"k %d, last %d\n",k,last);
+ for (i = 0; i < last - k; i++)
+ r->X[i] = r->X[i + k];
+
+ /* Pos in input buff to read new data into */
+ r->Xread = i;
+ r->Xp = r->Xoff;
+
+printf("osamp = %d, Nout = %ld\n", *osamp, Nout);
+ for (i = 0; i < Nout; i++) {
+ clampedAdd(*obuf++, (int)r->Y[i]);
+#if 1 // FIXME: Hack to generate stereo output
+ clampedAdd(*obuf++, (int)r->Y[i]);
+#endif
+ }
+
+ // At this point, we used *osamp bytes out of Nout available bytes in the Y buffer.
+ // If there are any bytes remaining, shift them to the start of the buffer,
+ // and update Yposition
+
+
+ *osamp = Nout;
+
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process tail of input samples.
+ */
+int st_resample_drain(eff_t effp, st_sample_t *obuf, st_size_t *osamp) {
+ resample_t r = (resample_t) effp->priv;
+ long isamp_res, osamp_res;
+ st_sample_t *Obuf;
+ int rc;
+
+ /*fprintf(stderr,"Xoff %d, Xt %d <--- DRAIN\n",r->Xoff, r->Xt);*/
+
+ /* stuff end with Xoff zeros */
+ isamp_res = r->Xoff;
+ osamp_res = *osamp;
+ Obuf = obuf;
+ while (isamp_res > 0 && osamp_res > 0) {
+ st_sample_t Osamp;
+ Osamp = osamp_res;
+ ZeroInputStream zero(isamp_res);
+ rc = st_resample_flow(effp, zero, Obuf, (st_size_t *) & Osamp);
+ if (rc)
+ return rc;
+ /*fprintf(stderr,"DRAIN isamp,osamp (%d,%d) -> (%d,%d)\n",
+ isamp_res,osamp_res,Isamp,Osamp);*/
+ Obuf += Osamp;
+ osamp_res -= Osamp;
+ isamp_res = zero.size();
+ }
+ *osamp -= osamp_res;
+ fprintf(stderr,"DRAIN osamp %d\n", *osamp);
+ if (isamp_res)
+ st_warn("drain overran obuf by %d\n", isamp_res);
+ fflush(stderr);
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do anything required when you stop reading samples.
+ * Don't close input file!
+ */
+int st_resample_stop(eff_t effp) {
+ resample_t r = (resample_t) effp->priv;
+
+ free(r->Imp - 1);
+ free(r->X);
+ /* free(r->Y); Y is in same block starting at X */
+ return (ST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/* over 90% of CPU time spent in this iprodUD() function */
+/* quadratic interpolation */
+static double qprodUD(const Float Imp[], const Float *Xp, long Inc, double T0,
+ long dhb, long ct) {
+ const double f = 1.0 / (1 << La);
+ double v;
+ long Ho;
+
+ Ho = (long)(T0 * dhb);
+ Ho += (ct - 1) * dhb; /* so Float sum starts with smallest coef's */
+ Xp += (ct - 1) * Inc;
+ v = 0;
+ do {
+ Float coef;
+ long Hoh;
+ Hoh = Ho >> La;
+ coef = Imp[Hoh];
+ {
+ Float dm, dp, t;
+ dm = coef - Imp[Hoh - 1];
+ dp = Imp[Hoh + 1] - coef;
+ t = (Ho & Amask) * f;
+ coef += ((dp - dm) * t + (dp + dm)) * t * 0.5;
+ }
+ /* filter coef, lower La bits by quadratic interpolation */
+ v += coef * *Xp; /* sum coeff * input sample */
+ Xp -= Inc; /* Input signal step. NO CHECK ON ARRAY BOUNDS */
+ Ho -= dhb; /* IR step */
+ } while (--ct);
+ return v;
+}
+
+/* linear interpolation */
+static double iprodUD(const Float Imp[], const Float *Xp, long Inc,
+ double T0, long dhb, long ct) {
+ const double f = 1.0 / (1 << La);
+ double v;
+ long Ho;
+
+ Ho = (long)(T0 * dhb);
+ Ho += (ct - 1) * dhb; /* so Float sum starts with smallest coef's */
+ Xp += (ct - 1) * Inc;
+ v = 0;
+ do {
+ Float coef;
+ long Hoh;
+ Hoh = Ho >> La;
+ /* if (Hoh >= End) break; */
+ coef = Imp[Hoh] + (Imp[Hoh + 1] - Imp[Hoh]) * (Ho & Amask) * f;
+ /* filter coef, lower La bits by linear interpolation */
+ v += coef * *Xp; /* sum coeff * input sample */
+ Xp -= Inc; /* Input signal step. NO CHECK ON ARRAY BOUNDS */
+ Ho -= dhb; /* IR step */
+ } while (--ct);
+ return v;
+}
+
+/* From resample:filters.c */
+/* Sampling rate conversion subroutine */
+
+static long SrcUD(resample_t r, long Nx) {
+ Float *Ystart, *Y;
+ double Factor;
+ double dt; /* Step through input signal */
+ double time;
+ double (*prodUD)(const Float Imp[], const Float *Xp, long Inc, double T0, long dhb, long ct);
+ int n;
+
+ prodUD = (r->quadr) ? qprodUD : iprodUD; /* quadratic or linear interp */
+ Factor = r->Factor;
+ time = r->Time;
+ dt = 1.0 / Factor; /* Output sampling period */
+ fprintf(stderr,"Factor %f, dt %f, ",Factor,dt);
+ fprintf(stderr,"Time %f, ",r->Time);
+ /* (Xh * dhb)>>La is max index into Imp[] */
+ /*fprintf(stderr,"ct=%d\n",ct);*/
+ fprintf(stderr,"ct=%.2f %d\n",(double)r->Nwing*Na/r->dhb, r->Xh);
+ fprintf(stderr,"ct=%ld, T=%.6f, dhb=%6f, dt=%.6f\n", r->Xh, time-floor(time),(double)r->dhb/Na,dt);
+ Ystart = Y = r->Y + r->Yposition;
+ n = (int)ceil((double)Nx / dt);
+ while (n--) {
+ Float *Xp;
+ double v;
+ double T;
+ T = time - floor(time); /* fractional part of Time */
+ Xp = r->X + (long)time; /* Ptr to current input sample */
+
+ /* Past inner product: */
+ v = (*prodUD)(r->Imp, Xp, -1, T, r->dhb, r->Xh); /* needs Np*Nmult in 31 bits */
+ /* Future inner product: */
+ v += (*prodUD)(r->Imp, Xp + 1, 1, (1.0 - T), r->dhb, r->Xh); /* prefer even total */
+
+ if (Factor < 1)
+ v *= Factor;
+ *Y++ = v; /* Deposit output */
+ time += dt; /* Move to next sample by time increment */
+ }
+ r->Time = time;
+ fprintf(stderr,"Time %f\n",r->Time);
+ return (Y - Ystart); /* Return the number of output samples */
+}
+
+/* exact coeff's */
+static double prodEX(const Float Imp[], const Float *Xp,
+ long Inc, long T0, long dhb, long ct) {
+ double v;
+ const Float *Cp;
+
+ Cp = Imp + (ct - 1) * dhb + T0; /* so Float sum starts with smallest coef's */
+ Xp += (ct - 1) * Inc;
+ v = 0;
+ do {
+ v += *Cp * *Xp; /* sum coeff * input sample */
+ Cp -= dhb; /* IR step */
+ Xp -= Inc; /* Input signal step. */
+ } while (--ct);
+ return v;
+}
+
+static long SrcEX(resample_t r, long Nx) {
+ Float *Ystart, *Y;
+ double Factor;
+ long a, b;
+ long time;
+ int n;
+
+ Factor = r->Factor;
+ time = r->t;
+ a = r->a;
+ b = r->b;
+ Ystart = Y = r->Y + r->Yposition;
+ n = (Nx * b + (a - 1)) / a;
+ while (n--) {
+ Float *Xp;
+ double v;
+ long T;
+ T = time % b; /* fractional part of Time */
+ Xp = r->X + (time / b); /* Ptr to current input sample */
+
+ /* Past inner product: */
+ v = prodEX(r->Imp, Xp, -1, T, b, r->Xh);
+ /* Future inner product: */
+ v += prodEX(r->Imp, Xp + 1, 1, b - T, b, r->Xh);
+
+ if (Factor < 1)
+ v *= Factor;
+ *Y++ = v; /* Deposit output */
+ time += a; /* Move to next sample by time increment */
+ }
+ r->t = time;
+ return (Y - Ystart); /* Return the number of output samples */
+}
+
+int makeFilter(Float Imp[], long Nwing, double Froll, double Beta,
+ long Num, int Normalize) {
+ double *ImpR;
+ long Mwing, i;
+
+ if (Nwing > MAXNWING) /* Check for valid parameters */
+ return ( -1);
+ if ((Froll <= 0) || (Froll > 1))
+ return ( -2);
+
+ /* it does help accuracy a bit to have the window stop at
+ * a zero-crossing of the sinc function */
+ Mwing = (long)(floor((double)Nwing / (Num / Froll)) * (Num / Froll) + 0.5);
+ if (Mwing == 0)
+ return ( -4);
+
+ ImpR = (double *) malloc(sizeof(double) * Mwing);
+
+ /* Design a Nuttall or Kaiser windowed Sinc low-pass filter */
+ LpFilter(ImpR, Mwing, Froll, Beta, Num);
+
+ if (Normalize) { /* 'correct' the DC gain of the lowpass filter */
+ long Dh;
+ double DCgain;
+ DCgain = 0;
+ Dh = Num; /* Filter sampling period for factors>=1 */
+ for (i = Dh; i < Mwing; i += Dh)
+ DCgain += ImpR[i];
+ DCgain = 2 * DCgain + ImpR[0]; /* DC gain of real coefficients */
+ st_report("DCgain err=%.12f",DCgain-1.0); // FIXME
+
+ DCgain = 1.0 / DCgain;
+ for (i = 0; i < Mwing; i++)
+ Imp[i] = ImpR[i] * DCgain;
+
+ } else {
+ for (i = 0; i < Mwing; i++)
+ Imp[i] = ImpR[i];
+ }
+ free(ImpR);
+ for (i = Mwing; i <= Nwing; i++)
+ Imp[i] = 0;
+ /* Imp[Mwing] and Imp[-1] needed for quadratic interpolation */
+ Imp[ -1] = Imp[1];
+
+ return (Mwing);
+}
+
+/* LpFilter()
+ *
+ * reference: "Digital Filters, 2nd edition"
+ * R.W. Hamming, pp. 178-179
+ *
+ * Izero() computes the 0th order modified bessel function of the first kind.
+ * (Needed to compute Kaiser window).
+ *
+ * LpFilter() computes the coeffs of a Kaiser-windowed low pass filter with
+ * the following characteristics:
+ *
+ * c[] = array in which to store computed coeffs
+ * frq = roll-off frequency of filter
+ * N = Half the window length in number of coeffs
+ * Beta = parameter of Kaiser window
+ * Num = number of coeffs before 1/frq
+ *
+ * Beta trades the rejection of the lowpass filter against the transition
+ * width from passband to stopband. Larger Beta means a slower
+ * transition and greater stopband rejection. See Rabiner and Gold
+ * (Theory and Application of DSP) under Kaiser windows for more about
+ * Beta. The following table from Rabiner and Gold gives some feel
+ * for the effect of Beta:
+ *
+ * All ripples in dB, width of transition band = D*N where N = window length
+ *
+ * BETA D PB RIP SB RIP
+ * 2.120 1.50 +-0.27 -30
+ * 3.384 2.23 0.0864 -40
+ * 4.538 2.93 0.0274 -50
+ * 5.658 3.62 0.00868 -60
+ * 6.764 4.32 0.00275 -70
+ * 7.865 5.0 0.000868 -80
+ * 8.960 5.7 0.000275 -90
+ * 10.056 6.4 0.000087 -100
+ */
+
+
+#define IzeroEPSILON 1E-21 /* Max error acceptable in Izero */
+
+static double Izero(double x) {
+ double sum, u, halfx, temp;
+ long n;
+
+ sum = u = n = 1;
+ halfx = x / 2.0;
+ do {
+ temp = halfx / (double)n;
+ n += 1;
+ temp *= temp;
+ u *= temp;
+ sum += u;
+ } while (u >= IzeroEPSILON*sum);
+ return (sum);
+}
+
+static void LpFilter(double *c, long N, double frq, double Beta, long Num) {
+ long i;
+
+ /* Calculate filter coeffs: */
+ c[0] = frq;
+ for (i = 1; i < N; i++) {
+ double x = M_PI * (double)i / (double)(Num);
+ c[i] = sin(x * frq) / x;
+ }
+
+ if (Beta > 2) { /* Apply Kaiser window to filter coeffs: */
+ double IBeta = 1.0 / Izero(Beta);
+ for (i = 1; i < N; i++) {
+ double x = (double)i / (double)(N);
+ c[i] *= Izero(Beta * sqrt(1.0 - x * x)) * IBeta;
+ }
+ } else { /* Apply Nuttall window: */
+ for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+ double x = M_PI * i / N;
+ c[i] *= 0.36335819 + 0.4891775 * cos(x) + 0.1365995 * cos(2 * x) + 0.0106411 * cos(3 * x);
+ }
+ }
+}