diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'src/strife/p_map.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/strife/p_map.c | 525 |
1 files changed, 277 insertions, 248 deletions
diff --git a/src/strife/p_map.c b/src/strife/p_map.c index 3b1aa2c1..6c0d0541 100644 --- a/src/strife/p_map.c +++ b/src/strife/p_map.c @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ int numspechit; // boolean PIT_StompThing (mobj_t* thing) { - fixed_t blockdist; + fixed_t blockdist; if (!(thing->flags & MF_SHOOTABLE) ) return true; @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ boolean PIT_StompThing (mobj_t* thing) // Monsters can telefrag players, and players can telefrag monsters, but // monsters cannot telefrag other monsters. if (!(tmthing->player || thing->player)) - return false; + return false; P_DamageMobj (thing, tmthing, tmthing, 10000); @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ boolean P_TeleportMove(mobj_t* thing, fixed_t x, fixed_t y) P_UnsetThingPosition (thing); thing->floorz = tmfloorz; - thing->ceilingz = tmceilingz; + thing->ceilingz = tmceilingz; thing->x = x; thing->y = y; thing->z = tmfloorz; // haleyjd 09/15/10: [STRIFE] Rogue added a z-set here @@ -451,17 +451,17 @@ boolean PIT_CheckThing (mobj_t* thing) // boolean P_CheckPosition -( mobj_t* thing, - fixed_t x, - fixed_t y ) +( mobj_t* thing, + fixed_t x, + fixed_t y ) { - int xl; - int xh; - int yl; - int yh; - int bx; - int by; - subsector_t* newsubsec; + int xl; + int xh; + int yl; + int yh; + int bx; + int by; + subsector_t* newsubsec; tmthing = thing; tmflags = thing->flags; @@ -534,26 +534,26 @@ P_TryMove fixed_t x, fixed_t y ) { - fixed_t oldx; - fixed_t oldy; - int side; - int oldside; - line_t* ld; + fixed_t oldx; + fixed_t oldy; + int side; + int oldside; + line_t* ld; floatok = false; if (!P_CheckPosition (thing, x, y)) - return false; // solid wall or thing + return false; // solid wall or thing if ( !(thing->flags & MF_NOCLIP) ) { if (tmceilingz - tmfloorz < thing->height) - return false; // doesn't fit + return false; // doesn't fit floatok = true; // villsa [STRIFE] Removed MF_TELEPORT if (tmceilingz - thing->z < thing->height) - return false; // mobj must lower itself to fit + return false; // mobj must lower itself to fit // villsa [STRIFE] non-robots are limited to 16 unit step height if ((thing->flags & MF_NOBLOOD) == 0 && tmfloorz - thing->z > (16*FRACUNIT)) @@ -562,12 +562,13 @@ P_TryMove return false; // too big a step up // villsa [STRIFE] special case for missiles - if(thing->flags & MF_MISSILE && tmfloorz - thing->z > (4*FRACUNIT)) + if((thing->flags & MF_MISSILE) && tmfloorz - thing->z > 4*FRACUNIT) return false; + // haleyjd 20110204 [STRIFE]: dropoff height changed 24 -> 32 if ( !(thing->flags&(MF_DROPOFF|MF_FLOAT)) - && tmfloorz - tmdropoffz > 24*FRACUNIT ) - return false; // don't stand over a dropoff + && tmfloorz - tmdropoffz > 32*FRACUNIT ) + return false; // don't stand over a dropoff } // the move is ok, @@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ P_TryMove oldx = thing->x; oldy = thing->y; thing->floorz = tmfloorz; - thing->ceilingz = tmceilingz; + thing->ceilingz = tmceilingz; thing->x = x; thing->y = y; @@ -605,10 +606,10 @@ P_TryMove // // P_CheckPositionZ +// // villsa [STRIFE] new function -// Check colliding things on top of one another +// Check colliding things on top of one another; ie., 3D Object Clipping // - boolean P_CheckPositionZ(mobj_t* thing, fixed_t height) { fixed_t x; @@ -665,12 +666,12 @@ boolean P_CheckPositionZ(mobj_t* thing, fixed_t height) for(bx = xl; bx <= xh; bx++) { - for(by = yl; by <= yh; by++) + for(by = yl; by <= yh; by++) { - if(!P_BlockThingsIterator(bx, by,PIT_CheckThing)) + if(!P_BlockThingsIterator(bx, by, PIT_CheckThing)) { tmthing->z = z; - return false; + return false; } } } @@ -689,33 +690,35 @@ boolean P_CheckPositionZ(mobj_t* thing, fixed_t height) // the z will be set to the lowest value // and false will be returned. // +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// boolean P_ThingHeightClip (mobj_t* thing) { - boolean onfloor; - + boolean onfloor; + onfloor = (thing->z == thing->floorz); - - P_CheckPosition (thing, thing->x, thing->y); + + P_CheckPosition (thing, thing->x, thing->y); // what about stranding a monster partially off an edge? - + thing->floorz = tmfloorz; thing->ceilingz = tmceilingz; - + if (onfloor) { - // walking monsters rise and fall with the floor - thing->z = thing->floorz; + // walking monsters rise and fall with the floor + thing->z = thing->floorz; } else { - // don't adjust a floating monster unless forced to - if (thing->z+thing->height > thing->ceilingz) - thing->z = thing->ceilingz - thing->height; + // don't adjust a floating monster unless forced to + if (thing->z+thing->height > thing->ceilingz) + thing->z = thing->ceilingz - thing->height; } - + if (thing->ceilingz - thing->floorz < thing->height) - return false; - + return false; + return true; } @@ -743,47 +746,49 @@ fixed_t tmymove; // Adjusts the xmove / ymove // so that the next move will slide along the wall. // +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// void P_HitSlideLine (line_t* ld) { - int side; + int side; + + angle_t lineangle; + angle_t moveangle; + angle_t deltaangle; + + fixed_t movelen; + fixed_t newlen; + - angle_t lineangle; - angle_t moveangle; - angle_t deltaangle; - - fixed_t movelen; - fixed_t newlen; - - if (ld->slopetype == ST_HORIZONTAL) { - tmymove = 0; - return; + tmymove = 0; + return; } - + if (ld->slopetype == ST_VERTICAL) { - tmxmove = 0; - return; + tmxmove = 0; + return; } - + side = P_PointOnLineSide (slidemo->x, slidemo->y, ld); - + lineangle = R_PointToAngle2 (0,0, ld->dx, ld->dy); if (side == 1) - lineangle += ANG180; + lineangle += ANG180; moveangle = R_PointToAngle2 (0,0, tmxmove, tmymove); deltaangle = moveangle-lineangle; if (deltaangle > ANG180) - deltaangle += ANG180; - // I_Error ("SlideLine: ang>ANG180"); + deltaangle += ANG180; + // I_Error ("SlideLine: ang>ANG180"); lineangle >>= ANGLETOFINESHIFT; deltaangle >>= ANGLETOFINESHIFT; - + movelen = P_AproxDistance (tmxmove, tmymove); newlen = FixedMul (movelen, finecosine[deltaangle]); @@ -795,53 +800,55 @@ void P_HitSlideLine (line_t* ld) // // PTR_SlideTraverse // +// [STRIFE] Modified for smaller step-up height +// boolean PTR_SlideTraverse (intercept_t* in) { - line_t* li; - + line_t* li; + if (!in->isaline) - I_Error ("PTR_SlideTraverse: not a line?"); - + I_Error ("PTR_SlideTraverse: not a line?"); + li = in->d.line; - + if ( ! (li->flags & ML_TWOSIDED) ) { - if (P_PointOnLineSide (slidemo->x, slidemo->y, li)) - { - // don't hit the back side - return true; - } - goto isblocking; + if (P_PointOnLineSide (slidemo->x, slidemo->y, li)) + { + // don't hit the back side + return true; + } + goto isblocking; } // set openrange, opentop, openbottom P_LineOpening (li); - + if (openrange < slidemo->height) - goto isblocking; // doesn't fit - + goto isblocking; // doesn't fit + if (opentop - slidemo->z < slidemo->height) - goto isblocking; // mobj is too high + goto isblocking; // mobj is too high // villsa [STRIFE] change from 24 to 16 if (openbottom - slidemo->z > 16*FRACUNIT ) - goto isblocking; // too big a step up + goto isblocking; // too big a step up // this line doesn't block movement - return true; - + return true; + // the line does block movement, // see if it is closer than best so far - isblocking: +isblocking: if (in->frac < bestslidefrac) { - secondslidefrac = bestslidefrac; - secondslideline = bestslideline; - bestslidefrac = in->frac; - bestslideline = li; + secondslidefrac = bestslidefrac; + secondslideline = bestslideline; + bestslidefrac = in->frac; + bestslideline = li; } - - return false; // stop + + return false; // stop } @@ -855,98 +862,99 @@ boolean PTR_SlideTraverse (intercept_t* in) // // This is a kludgy mess. // +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// void P_SlideMove (mobj_t* mo) { - fixed_t leadx; - fixed_t leady; - fixed_t trailx; - fixed_t traily; - fixed_t newx; - fixed_t newy; - int hitcount; - + fixed_t leadx; + fixed_t leady; + fixed_t trailx; + fixed_t traily; + fixed_t newx; + fixed_t newy; + int hitcount; + slidemo = mo; hitcount = 0; - retry: +retry: if (++hitcount == 3) - goto stairstep; // don't loop forever + goto stairstep; // don't loop forever - // trace along the three leading corners if (mo->momx > 0) { - leadx = mo->x + mo->radius; - trailx = mo->x - mo->radius; + leadx = mo->x + mo->radius; + trailx = mo->x - mo->radius; } else { - leadx = mo->x - mo->radius; - trailx = mo->x + mo->radius; + leadx = mo->x - mo->radius; + trailx = mo->x + mo->radius; } - + if (mo->momy > 0) { - leady = mo->y + mo->radius; - traily = mo->y - mo->radius; + leady = mo->y + mo->radius; + traily = mo->y - mo->radius; } else { - leady = mo->y - mo->radius; - traily = mo->y + mo->radius; + leady = mo->y - mo->radius; + traily = mo->y + mo->radius; } - + bestslidefrac = FRACUNIT+1; - + P_PathTraverse ( leadx, leady, leadx+mo->momx, leady+mo->momy, - PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); + PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); P_PathTraverse ( trailx, leady, trailx+mo->momx, leady+mo->momy, - PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); + PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); P_PathTraverse ( leadx, traily, leadx+mo->momx, traily+mo->momy, - PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); + PT_ADDLINES, PTR_SlideTraverse ); // move up to the wall if (bestslidefrac == FRACUNIT+1) { - // the move most have hit the middle, so stairstep - stairstep: - if (!P_TryMove (mo, mo->x, mo->y + mo->momy)) - P_TryMove (mo, mo->x + mo->momx, mo->y); - return; + // the move most have hit the middle, so stairstep +stairstep: + if (!P_TryMove (mo, mo->x, mo->y + mo->momy)) + P_TryMove (mo, mo->x + mo->momx, mo->y); + return; } // fudge a bit to make sure it doesn't hit - bestslidefrac -= 0x800; + bestslidefrac -= 0x800; if (bestslidefrac > 0) { - newx = FixedMul (mo->momx, bestslidefrac); - newy = FixedMul (mo->momy, bestslidefrac); - - if (!P_TryMove (mo, mo->x+newx, mo->y+newy)) - goto stairstep; + newx = FixedMul (mo->momx, bestslidefrac); + newy = FixedMul (mo->momy, bestslidefrac); + + if (!P_TryMove (mo, mo->x+newx, mo->y+newy)) + goto stairstep; } // Now continue along the wall. // First calculate remainder. bestslidefrac = FRACUNIT-(bestslidefrac+0x800); - + if (bestslidefrac > FRACUNIT) - bestslidefrac = FRACUNIT; - + bestslidefrac = FRACUNIT; + if (bestslidefrac <= 0) - return; - + return; + tmxmove = FixedMul (mo->momx, bestslidefrac); tmymove = FixedMul (mo->momy, bestslidefrac); - P_HitSlideLine (bestslideline); // clip the moves + P_HitSlideLine (bestslideline); // clip the moves mo->momx = tmxmove; mo->momy = tmymove; - + if (!P_TryMove (mo, mo->x+tmxmove, mo->y+tmymove)) { - goto retry; + goto retry; } } @@ -975,32 +983,34 @@ extern fixed_t bottomslope; // PTR_AimTraverse // Sets linetaget and aimslope when a target is aimed at. // +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// boolean PTR_AimTraverse (intercept_t* in) { - line_t* li; - mobj_t* th; - fixed_t slope; - fixed_t thingtopslope; - fixed_t thingbottomslope; - fixed_t dist; - + line_t* li; + mobj_t* th; + fixed_t slope; + fixed_t thingtopslope; + fixed_t thingbottomslope; + fixed_t dist; + if (in->isaline) { - li = in->d.line; - - if ( !(li->flags & ML_TWOSIDED) ) - return false; // stop - - // Crosses a two sided line. - // A two sided line will restrict - // the possible target ranges. - P_LineOpening (li); - - if (openbottom >= opentop) - return false; // stop - - dist = FixedMul (attackrange, in->frac); + li = in->d.line; + + if ( !(li->flags & ML_TWOSIDED) ) + return false; // stop + + // Crosses a two sided line. + // A two sided line will restrict + // the possible target ranges. + P_LineOpening (li); + + if (openbottom >= opentop) + return false; // stop + + dist = FixedMul (attackrange, in->frac); // Return false if there is no back sector. This should never // be the case if the line is two-sided; however, some WADs @@ -1013,62 +1023,64 @@ PTR_AimTraverse (intercept_t* in) } if (li->frontsector->floorheight != li->backsector->floorheight) - { - slope = FixedDiv (openbottom - shootz , dist); - if (slope > bottomslope) - bottomslope = slope; - } - - if (li->frontsector->ceilingheight != li->backsector->ceilingheight) - { - slope = FixedDiv (opentop - shootz , dist); - if (slope < topslope) - topslope = slope; - } - - if (topslope <= bottomslope) - return false; // stop - - return true; // shot continues + { + slope = FixedDiv (openbottom - shootz , dist); + if (slope > bottomslope) + bottomslope = slope; + } + + if (li->frontsector->ceilingheight != li->backsector->ceilingheight) + { + slope = FixedDiv (opentop - shootz , dist); + if (slope < topslope) + topslope = slope; + } + + if (topslope <= bottomslope) + return false; // stop + + return true; // shot continues } - + // shoot a thing th = in->d.thing; if (th == shootthing) - return true; // can't shoot self - + return true; // can't shoot self + if (!(th->flags&MF_SHOOTABLE)) - return true; // corpse or something + return true; // corpse or something // check angles to see if the thing can be aimed at dist = FixedMul (attackrange, in->frac); thingtopslope = FixedDiv (th->z+th->height - shootz , dist); if (thingtopslope < bottomslope) - return true; // shot over the thing + return true; // shot over the thing thingbottomslope = FixedDiv (th->z - shootz, dist); if (thingbottomslope > topslope) - return true; // shot under the thing - + return true; // shot under the thing + // this thing can be hit! if (thingtopslope > topslope) - thingtopslope = topslope; - + thingtopslope = topslope; + if (thingbottomslope < bottomslope) - thingbottomslope = bottomslope; + thingbottomslope = bottomslope; aimslope = (thingtopslope+thingbottomslope)/2; linetarget = th; - return false; // don't go any farther + return false; // don't go any farther } // // PTR_ShootTraverse // +// [STRIFE] Changes for Spectres and Mauler puff/damage inflictor +// boolean PTR_ShootTraverse (intercept_t* in) { fixed_t x; @@ -1142,14 +1154,14 @@ hitline: // it's a sky hack wall if (li->backsector && li->backsector->ceilingpic == skyflatnum) - return false; + return false; } // villsa [STRIFE] if(la_damage > 0) { // villsa [STRIFE] Test against Mauler attack range - if(attackrange != (2112*FRACUNIT)) + if(attackrange != 2112*FRACUNIT) P_SpawnPuff(x, y, z); // Spawn bullet puffs. else P_SpawnMobj(x, y, z, MT_STRIFEPUFF3); @@ -1162,27 +1174,26 @@ hitline: // shoot a thing th = in->d.thing; if (th == shootthing) - return true; // can't shoot self + return true; // can't shoot self if (!(th->flags&MF_SHOOTABLE)) - return true; // corpse or something + return true; // corpse or something // haleyjd 09/18/10: [STRIFE] Corrected - not MVIS, but SPECTRAL. if(th->flags & MF_SPECTRAL) - return true; + return true; // is a spectral entity // check angles to see if the thing can be aimed at dist = FixedMul (attackrange, in->frac); thingtopslope = FixedDiv (th->z+th->height - shootz , dist); if (thingtopslope < aimslope) - return true; // shot over the thing + return true; // shot over the thing thingbottomslope = FixedDiv (th->z - shootz, dist); if (thingbottomslope > aimslope) - return true; // shot under the thing - + return true; // shot under the thing // hit thing // position a bit closer @@ -1192,8 +1203,8 @@ hitline: y = trace.y + FixedMul (trace.dy, frac); z = shootz + FixedMul (aimslope, FixedMul(frac, attackrange)); - // villsa [STRIFE] TODO - verify purpose of this - if(attackrange == (2112*FRACUNIT)) + // villsa [STRIFE] Check for Mauler attack range + if(attackrange == 2112*FRACUNIT) { th2 = P_SpawnMobj(x, y, z, MT_STRIFEPUFF3); th2->momz = -FRACUNIT; @@ -1201,7 +1212,7 @@ hitline: return false; } - // villsa [STRIFE] TODO - verify disabled check for damage? + // villsa [STRIFE] disabled check for damage //if (la_damage) P_DamageMobj (th, shootthing, shootthing, la_damage); @@ -1221,6 +1232,8 @@ hitline: // // P_AimLineAttack // +// [STRIFE] Modified to support player->pitch +// fixed_t P_AimLineAttack ( mobj_t* t1, @@ -1268,6 +1281,8 @@ P_AimLineAttack // If damage == 0, it is just a test trace // that will leave linetarget set. // +// [STRIFE] Modified to check lines only if damage <= 0 (see P_RadiusAttack) +// void P_LineAttack ( mobj_t* t1, @@ -1279,7 +1294,7 @@ P_LineAttack fixed_t x2; fixed_t y2; int traverseflags; - + angle >>= ANGLETOFINESHIFT; shootthing = t1; la_damage = damage; @@ -1306,32 +1321,34 @@ P_LineAttack // // USE LINES // -mobj_t* usething; +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// +mobj_t* usething; -boolean PTR_UseTraverse (intercept_t* in) +boolean PTR_UseTraverse (intercept_t* in) { - int side; - + int side; + if (!in->d.line->special) { - P_LineOpening (in->d.line); - if (openrange <= 0) - { - S_StartSound (usething, sfx_noway); - - // can't use through a wall - return false; - } - // not a special line, but keep checking - return true ; + P_LineOpening (in->d.line); + if (openrange <= 0) + { + S_StartSound (usething, sfx_noway); + + // can't use through a wall + return false; + } + // not a special line, but keep checking + return true ; } - + side = 0; if (P_PointOnLineSide (usething->x, usething->y, in->d.line) == 1) - side = 1; - - // return false; // don't use back side - + side = 1; + + // return false; // don't use back side + P_UseSpecialLine (usething, in->d.line, side); // can't use for than one special line in a row @@ -1343,23 +1360,25 @@ boolean PTR_UseTraverse (intercept_t* in) // P_UseLines // Looks for special lines in front of the player to activate. // -void P_UseLines (player_t* player) +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// +void P_UseLines (player_t* player) { - int angle; - fixed_t x1; - fixed_t y1; - fixed_t x2; - fixed_t y2; - + int angle; + fixed_t x1; + fixed_t y1; + fixed_t x2; + fixed_t y2; + usething = player->mo; - + angle = player->mo->angle >> ANGLETOFINESHIFT; x1 = player->mo->x; y1 = player->mo->y; x2 = x1 + (USERANGE>>FRACBITS)*finecosine[angle]; y2 = y1 + (USERANGE>>FRACBITS)*finesine[angle]; - + P_PathTraverse ( x1, y1, x2, y2, PT_ADDLINES, PTR_UseTraverse ); } @@ -1367,9 +1386,9 @@ void P_UseLines (player_t* player) // // RADIUS ATTACK // -mobj_t* bombsource; -mobj_t* bombspot; -int bombdamage; +mobj_t* bombsource; +mobj_t* bombspot; +int bombdamage; // @@ -1377,11 +1396,13 @@ int bombdamage; // "bombsource" is the creature // that caused the explosion at "bombspot". // +// [STRIFE] Modified for Spectral and Inquisitor exclusions +// boolean PIT_RadiusAttack (mobj_t* thing) { - fixed_t dx; - fixed_t dy; - fixed_t dist; + fixed_t dx; + fixed_t dy; + fixed_t dist; if (!(thing->flags & MF_SHOOTABLE)) return true; @@ -1408,7 +1429,7 @@ boolean PIT_RadiusAttack (mobj_t* thing) dist = 0; if (dist >= bombdamage) - return true; // out of range + return true; // out of range if ( P_CheckSight (thing, bombspot) ) { @@ -1424,6 +1445,9 @@ boolean PIT_RadiusAttack (mobj_t* thing) // P_RadiusAttack // Source is the creature that caused the explosion at spot. // +// [STRIFE] Modified to emit "test" tracers which can shatter glass screens +// and windows. +// void P_RadiusAttack ( mobj_t* spot, @@ -1484,7 +1508,9 @@ boolean nofit; // // PIT_ChangeSector // -boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) +// [STRIFE] Changes to crushing behavior +// +boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) { mobj_t* mo; @@ -1494,7 +1520,6 @@ boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) return true; } - // crunch bodies to giblets if (thing->health <= 0) { @@ -1521,7 +1546,7 @@ boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) P_RemoveMobj (thing); // keep checking - return true; + return true; } if (! (thing->flags & MF_SHOOTABLE) ) @@ -1534,6 +1559,7 @@ boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) if (crushchange && !(leveltime&3) ) { + int t; S_StartSound(thing, sfx_pcrush); // villsa [STRIFE] P_DamageMobj(thing,NULL,NULL,10); @@ -1542,11 +1568,13 @@ boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) thing->y, thing->z + thing->height/2, MT_BLOOD_DEATH); - mo->momx = (P_Random() - P_Random ())<<12; - mo->momy = (P_Random() - P_Random ())<<12; + t = P_Random(); + mo->momx = (t - P_Random ()) << 12; + t = P_Random(); + mo->momy = (t - P_Random ()) << 12; } - // keep checking (crush other things) + // keep checking (crush other things) return true; } @@ -1555,23 +1583,24 @@ boolean PIT_ChangeSector (mobj_t* thing) // // P_ChangeSector // +// [STRIFE] Verified unmodified +// boolean P_ChangeSector -( sector_t* sector, - boolean crunch ) +( sector_t* sector, + boolean crunch ) { - int x; - int y; - + int x; + int y; + nofit = false; crushchange = crunch; - + // re-check heights for all things near the moving sector for (x=sector->blockbox[BOXLEFT] ; x<= sector->blockbox[BOXRIGHT] ; x++) - for (y=sector->blockbox[BOXBOTTOM];y<= sector->blockbox[BOXTOP] ; y++) - P_BlockThingsIterator (x, y, PIT_ChangeSector); - - + for (y=sector->blockbox[BOXBOTTOM];y<= sector->blockbox[BOXTOP] ; y++) + P_BlockThingsIterator (x, y, PIT_ChangeSector); + return nofit; } @@ -1624,10 +1653,10 @@ static void SpechitOverrun(line_t *ld) tmbbox[numspechit-9] = addr; break; case 13: - crushchange = addr; - break; + nofit = addr; // haleyjd 20110204: nofit/crushchange are in opposite + break; // order in the Strife binary. case 14: - nofit = addr; + crushchange = addr; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "SpechitOverrun: Warning: unable to emulate" |