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+/* ScummVM - Graphic Adventure Engine
+ *
+ * ScummVM is the legal property of its developers, whose names
+ * are too numerous to list here. Please refer to the COPYRIGHT
+ * file distributed with this source distribution.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef COMMON_USTR_H
+#define COMMON_USTR_H
+
+#include "common/scummsys.h"
+
+namespace Common {
+
+/**
+ * Very simple string class for UTF-32 strings in ScummVM. The main intention
+ * behind this class is to feature a simple way of displaying UTF-32 strings
+ * through the Graphics::Font API.
+ *
+ * Please note that operations like equals, deleteCharacter, toUppercase, etc.
+ * are only very simplified convenience operations. They might not fully work
+ * as you would expect for a proper UTF-32 string class.
+ *
+ * The presence of \0 characters in the string will cause undefined
+ * behavior in some operations.
+ */
+class U32String {
+public:
+	static const uint32 npos = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+	typedef uint32 value_type;
+	typedef uint32 unsigned_type;
+private:
+	/**
+	 * The size of the internal storage. Increasing this means less heap
+	 * allocations are needed, at the cost of more stack memory usage,
+	 * and of course lots of wasted memory.
+	 */
+	static const uint32 _builtinCapacity = 32;
+
+	/**
+	 * Length of the string.
+	 */
+	uint32 _size;
+
+	/**
+	 * Pointer to the actual string storage. Either points to _storage,
+	 * or to a block allocated on the heap via malloc.
+	 */
+	value_type  *_str;
+
+
+	union {
+		/**
+		 * Internal string storage.
+		 */
+		value_type _storage[_builtinCapacity];
+		/**
+		 * External string storage data -- the refcounter, and the
+		 * capacity of the string _str points to.
+		 */
+		struct {
+			mutable int *_refCount;
+			uint32       _capacity;
+		} _extern;
+	};
+
+	inline bool isStorageIntern() const {
+		return _str == _storage;
+	}
+
+public:
+	/** Construct a new empty string. */
+	U32String() : _size(0), _str(_storage) { _storage[0] = 0; }
+
+	/** Construct a new string from the given NULL-terminated C string. */
+	explicit U32String(const value_type *str);
+
+	/** Construct a new string containing exactly len characters read from address str. */
+	U32String(const value_type *str, uint32 len);
+
+	/** Construct a new string containing the characters between beginP (including) and endP (excluding). */
+	U32String(const value_type *beginP, const value_type *endP);
+
+	/** Construct a copy of the given string. */
+	U32String(const U32String &str);
+
+	~U32String();
+
+	U32String &operator=(const U32String &str);
+	U32String &operator+=(const U32String &str);
+	U32String &operator+=(value_type c);
+
+	/**
+	 * Equivalence comparison operator.
+	 * @see equals
+	 */
+	bool operator==(const U32String &x) const { return equals(x); }
+
+	/**
+	 * Compares whether two U32String are the same based on memory comparison.
+	 * This does *not* do comparison based on canonical equivalence.
+	 */
+	bool equals(const U32String &x) const;
+
+	bool contains(value_type x) const;
+
+	inline const value_type *c_str() const { return _str; }
+	inline uint32 size() const             { return _size; }
+
+	inline bool empty() const { return (_size == 0); }
+
+	value_type operator[](int idx) const {
+		assert(_str && idx >= 0 && idx < (int)_size);
+		return _str[idx];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the value at position p from the string.
+	 * Using this on decomposed characters will not remove the whole
+	 * character!
+	 */
+	void deleteChar(uint32 p);
+
+	/** Clears the string, making it empty. */
+	void clear();
+
+	/**
+	 * Convert all characters in the string to lowercase.
+	 *
+	 * Be aware that this only affects the case of ASCII characters. All
+	 * other characters will not be touched at all.
+	 */
+	void toLowercase();
+
+	/**
+	 * Convert all characters in the string to uppercase.
+	 *
+	 * Be aware that this only affects the case of ASCII characters. All
+	 * other characters will not be touched at all.
+	 */
+	void toUppercase();
+
+	uint32 find(const U32String &str, uint32 pos = 0) const;
+
+	typedef value_type *        iterator;
+	typedef const value_type *  const_iterator;
+
+	iterator begin() {
+		// Since the user could potentially
+		// change the string via the returned
+		// iterator we have to assure we are
+		// pointing to a unique storage.
+		makeUnique();
+
+		return _str;
+	}
+
+	iterator end() {
+		return begin() + size();
+	}
+
+	const_iterator begin() const {
+		return _str;
+	}
+
+	const_iterator end() const {
+		return begin() + size();
+	}
+private:
+	void makeUnique();
+	void ensureCapacity(uint32 new_size, bool keep_old);
+	void incRefCount() const;
+	void decRefCount(int *oldRefCount);
+	void initWithCStr(const value_type *str, uint32 len);
+};
+
+} // End of namespace Common
+
+#endif