path: root/source/dsp4emu.c

#include "../copyright"

#include "dsp4.h"
#include "memmap.h"

#define DSP4_READ_WORD(x) \
   READ_WORD(DSP4.parameters+x)

#define DSP4_WRITE_WORD(x,d) \
   WRITE_WORD(DSP4.output+x,d);

// used to wait for dsp i/o
#define DSP4_WAIT(x) \
   DSP4_Logic = x; return;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int DSP4_Multiply(int16_t Multiplicand, int16_t Multiplier)
{
   return Multiplicand * Multiplier;
}

int16_t DSP4_UnknownOP11(int16_t A, int16_t B, int16_t C, int16_t D)
{
   return ((A * 0x0155 >>  2) & 0xf000) | ((B * 0x0155 >>  6) & 0x0f00) |
          ((C * 0x0155 >> 10) & 0x00f0) | ((D * 0x0155 >> 14) & 0x000f);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void DSP4_Op06(bool size, bool msb)
{
   // save post-oam table data for future retrieval
   op06_OAM[op06_index] |= (msb << (op06_offset + 0));
   op06_OAM[op06_index] |= (size << (op06_offset + 1));
   op06_offset += 2;

   if (op06_offset == 8)
   {
      // move to next byte in buffer
      op06_offset = 0;
      op06_index++;
   }
}

#if OP==0x0001
#define PRINT
#endif

void DSP4_Op01()
{
   uint16_t command;

   DSP4.waiting4command = false;

   // op flow control
   switch (DSP4_Logic)
   {
   case 1:
      goto resume1;
      break;
   case 2:
      goto resume2;
      break;
   }

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // process initial inputs

   // sort inputs
   // 0x00 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
   project_focaly = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
   raster = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
   viewport_top = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
   project_y = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
   viewport_bottom = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
   project_x1low = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);
   project_focalx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);
   project_centerx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x10);
   project_ptr = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x12);
   // (envelope?) 0xc0 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x14);
   project_pitchylow = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x16);
   project_pitchy = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x18);
   project_pitchxlow = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1a);
   project_pitchx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1c);
   far_plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1e);
   // ? = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x20);
   project_y1low = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x22);

   // pre-compute
   view_plane = PLANE_START;

   // find starting projection points
   project_x1 = project_focalx;
   project_y -= viewport_bottom;
   project_x = project_centerx + project_x1;

   // multi-op storage
   multi_index1 = 0;
   multi_index2 = 0;

   // debug
   block = 0;

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // command check

   do
   {
      // scan next command
      DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(1) resume1:

      // inspect input
      command = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

      // check for termination
      if (command == 0x8000) break;

      // already have 2 bytes in queue
      DSP4.in_index = 2;
      DSP4.in_count = 8;

      DSP4_WAIT(2)

      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // process one iteration of projection

      // inspect inputs
      int16_t plane;

      int16_t index, lcv;
      int16_t py_dy, px_dx;
      int16_t y_out, x_out;

resume2:
      plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);
      py_dy = 0;
      px_dx = 0;

      // ignore invalid data
      if ((uint16_t) plane == 0x8001) continue;

      // one-time init
      if (far_plane)
      {
         // setup final parameters
         project_focalx += plane;
         project_x1 = project_focalx;
         project_y1 = project_focaly;
         plane = far_plane;
         far_plane = 0;
      }

      // use proportional triangles to project new coords
      project_x2 = project_focalx * plane / view_plane;
      project_y2 = project_focaly * plane / view_plane;

      // quadratic regression (rough)
      if (project_focaly >= -0x0f)
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.20533553
                         - 1.08330005 * project_focaly - 69.61094639);
      else
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.000657035759
                         - 1.07629051 * project_focaly - 65.69315963);

      // approximate # of raster lines
      segments = abs(project_y2 - project_y1);

      // prevent overdraw
      if (project_y2 >= raster) segments = 0;
      else raster = project_y2;

      // don't draw outside the window
      if (project_y2 < viewport_top) segments = 0;

      // project new positions
      if (segments > 0)
      {
         // interpolate between projected points
         px_dx = ((project_x2 - project_x1) << 8) / segments;
      }

      // debug
      ++block;
#ifdef PRINT
      printf("(line %d) Op01 check %02X, plane %04X, focal_y %04X, y2 %04X\n", c,
             (uint16_t)segments, (uint16_t)(plane), (uint16_t)project_focaly, (uint16_t)project_y2);
#endif

      // prepare output
      DSP4.out_count = 8 + 2 + 6 * segments;

      // pre-block data
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, project_focalx);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, project_x2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, project_focaly);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(6, project_y2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(8, segments);

#if 0
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(6, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(8, -1);
#endif

      index = 10;

      // iterate through each point
      for (lcv = 0; lcv < segments; lcv++)
      {
         // step through the projected line
         y_out = project_y + ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
         x_out = project_x + ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

#if 0
         project_ptr = -1;
         y_out = -1;
         x_out = -1;
#endif

         // data
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 0, project_ptr);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 2, y_out);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 4, x_out);
         index += 6;

         // post-update
         project_ptr -= 4;
      }

      // post-update
      project_y += ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
      project_x += ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

      // new positions
      if (segments > 0)
      {
         project_x1 = project_x2;
         project_y1 = project_y2;

         // multi-op storage
         multi_focaly[multi_index2++] = project_focaly;
         multi_farplane[1] = plane;
         multi_raster[1] = project_y1 - 1;
      }

      // update projection points
      project_pitchy += (int8_t)DSP4.parameters[3];
      project_pitchx += (int8_t)DSP4.parameters[5];

      project_focaly += project_pitchy;
      project_focalx += project_pitchx;
   }
   while (1);

   // terminate op
   DSP4.waiting4command = true;
   DSP4.out_count = 0;
}

#undef PRINT

#if OP==0x0007
#define PRINT
#endif

void DSP4_Op07()
{
   uint16_t command;

   DSP4.waiting4command = false;

   // op flow control
   switch (DSP4_Logic)
   {
   case 1:
      goto resume1;
      break;
   case 2:
      goto resume2;
      break;
   }

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // sort inputs

   // 0x00 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
   project_focaly = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
   raster = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
   viewport_top = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
   project_y = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
   viewport_bottom = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
   project_x1low = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);
   project_x1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);
   project_centerx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x10);
   project_ptr = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x12);
   // (envelope?) 0xc0 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x14);

   // pre-compute
   view_plane = PLANE_START;

   // find projection targets
   project_y1 = project_focaly;
   project_y -= viewport_bottom;
   project_x = project_centerx + project_x1;

   // multi-op storage
   multi_index2 = 0;

   // debug
   block = 0;

#ifdef PRINT
   printf("(line %d) Op07 data %04X\n", c, (uint16_t)project_y1);
#endif

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // command check

   do
   {
      // scan next command
      DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(1) resume1:

      // inspect input
      command = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

      // check for opcode termination
      if (command == 0x8000) break;

      // already have 2 bytes in queue
      DSP4.in_index = 2;
      DSP4.in_count = 12;

      DSP4_WAIT(2)

      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // process one loop of projection

      int16_t plane;
      int16_t index, lcv;
      int16_t y_out, x_out;
      int16_t py_dy, px_dx;

resume2:
      py_dy = 0;
      px_dx = 0;

      // debug
      ++block;

      // inspect inputs
      plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);
      project_y2 = DSP4_READ_WORD(2);
      // ? = DSP4_READ_WORD(4);
      project_x2 = DSP4_READ_WORD(6);

      // ignore invalid data
      if ((uint16_t) plane == 0x8001) continue;

      // multi-op storage
      project_focaly = multi_focaly[multi_index2];

      // quadratic regression (rough)
      if (project_focaly >= -0x0f)
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.20533553
                         - 1.08330005 * project_focaly - 69.61094639);
      else
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.000657035759
                         - 1.07629051 * project_focaly - 65.69315963);

      // approximate # of raster lines
      segments = abs(project_y2 - project_y1);

      // prevent overdraw
      if (project_y2 >= raster) segments = 0;
      else raster = project_y2;

      // don't draw outside the window
      if (project_y2 < viewport_top) segments = 0;

      // project new positions
      if (segments > 0)
      {
         // interpolate between projected points
         px_dx = ((project_x2 - project_x1) << 8) / segments;
      }

#ifdef PRINT
      printf("(line %d) Op07 block %d, loc %04X, out %02X, project_x2 %04X\n", c,
             block, plane, segments, (uint16_t)project_x2);
#endif

      // prepare pre-output
      DSP4.out_count = 4 + 2 + 6 * segments;

      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, project_x2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, project_y2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, segments);

#if 0
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, -1);
#endif

      index = 6;
      for (lcv = 0; lcv < segments; lcv++)
      {
         // pre-compute
         y_out = project_y + ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
         x_out = project_x + ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

#if 0
         project_ptr = -1;
         //y_out = -1;
         x_out = -1;
#endif

         // data
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 0, project_ptr);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 2, y_out);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 4, x_out);
         index += 6;

         // post-update
         project_ptr -= 4;
      }

      // update internal variables
      project_y += ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
      project_x += ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

      // new positions
      if (segments > 0)
      {
         project_x1 = project_x2;
         project_y1 = project_y2;

         // multi-op storage
         multi_index2++;
      }
   }
   while (1);

   DSP4.waiting4command = true;
   DSP4.out_count = 0;
}

#undef PRINT

#if OP==0x0008
#define PRINT
#endif

void DSP4_Op08()
{
   uint16_t command;

   DSP4.waiting4command = false;

   // op flow control
   switch (DSP4_Logic)
   {
   case 1:
      goto resume1;
      break;
   case 2:
      goto resume2;
      break;
   }

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // process initial inputs

   // clip values
   path_clipRight[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
   path_clipRight[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
   path_clipRight[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
   path_clipRight[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);

   path_clipLeft[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
   path_clipLeft[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
   path_clipLeft[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);
   path_clipLeft[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);

   // unknown (constant)
   // unknown (constant)

   // path positions
   path_pos[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x20);
   path_pos[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x22);
   path_pos[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x24);
   path_pos[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x26);

   // data locations
   path_ptr[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x28);
   path_ptr[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x2a);
   path_ptr[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x2c);
   path_ptr[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x2e);

   // project_y1 lines
   path_raster[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x30);
   path_raster[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x32);
   path_raster[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x34);
   path_raster[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x36);

   // viewport_top
   path_top[0] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x38);
   path_top[1] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x3a);
   path_top[2] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x3c);
   path_top[3] = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x3e);

   // unknown (constants)

   view_plane = PLANE_START;

   // debug
   block = 0;

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // command check

   do
   {
      // scan next command
      DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(1) resume1:

      // inspect input
      command = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

      // terminate op
      if (command == 0x8000) break;

      // already have 2 bytes in queue
      DSP4.in_index = 2;
      DSP4.in_count = 18;

DSP4_WAIT(2) resume2:

      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // projection begins

      // debug
      ++block;

      // used in envelope shaping
      int16_t x1_final;
      int16_t x2_final;

      // look at guidelines
      int16_t plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
      int16_t x_left = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
      int16_t y_left = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
      int16_t x_right = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
      int16_t y_right = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);

      // envelope guidelines (one frame only)
      int16_t envelope1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
      int16_t envelope2 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);

      // ignore invalid data
      if ((uint16_t) plane == 0x8001) continue;

      // first init
      if (plane == 0x7fff)
      {
         int pos1, pos2;

         // initialize projection
         path_x[0] = x_left;
         path_x[1] = x_right;

         path_y[0] = y_left;
         path_y[1] = y_right;

         // update coordinates
         path_pos[0] -= x_left;
         path_pos[1] -= x_left;
         path_pos[2] -= x_right;
         path_pos[3] -= x_right;

         pos1 = path_pos[0] + envelope1;
         pos2 = path_pos[1] + envelope2;

         // clip offscreen data
         if (pos1 < path_clipLeft[0]) pos1 = path_clipLeft[0];
         if (pos1 > path_clipRight[0]) pos1 = path_clipRight[0];
         if (pos2 < path_clipLeft[1]) pos2 = path_clipLeft[1];
         if (pos2 > path_clipRight[1]) pos2 = path_clipRight[1];

#if 0
         pos1 = -1;
         //pos2=-1;
#endif

         path_plane[0] = plane;
         path_plane[1] = plane;

         // initial output
         DSP4.out_count = 2;
         DSP4.output[0] = pos1 & 0xFF;
         DSP4.output[1] = pos2 & 0xFF;

#ifdef PRINT
         printf("(line %d) Op08 x_left %04X\n", c, (uint16_t)x_left);
#endif
      }
      // proceed with projection
      else
      {
         int16_t index = 0, lcv;
         int16_t left_inc = 0, right_inc = 0;
         int16_t dx1 = 0, dx2 = 0, dx3, dx4;

         // # segments to traverse
         segments = abs(y_left - path_y[0]);

         // prevent overdraw
         if (y_left >= path_raster[0]) segments = 0;
         else path_raster[0] = y_left;

         // don't draw outside the window
         if (path_raster[0] < path_top[0]) segments = 0;

         // proceed if visibility rules apply
         if (segments > 0)
         {
            // use previous data
            dx1 = (envelope1 * path_plane[0] / view_plane);
            dx2 = (envelope2 * path_plane[0] / view_plane);

            // use temporary envelope pitch (this frame only)
            dx3 = (envelope1 * plane / view_plane);
            dx4 = (envelope2 * plane / view_plane);

            // project new shapes (left side)
            x1_final = x_left + dx1;
            x2_final = path_x[0] + dx3;

            // interpolate between projected points with shaping
            left_inc = ((x2_final - x1_final) << 8) / segments;

            // project new shapes (right side)
            x1_final = x_left + dx2;
            x2_final = path_x[0] + dx4;

            // interpolate between projected points with shaping
            right_inc = ((x2_final - x1_final) << 8) / segments;

            path_plane[0] = plane;
         }

#ifdef PRINT
         printf("(line %d) Op08 block %d, out %02X, raster %02X\n", c, block, segments,
                (uint16_t)y_left);
#endif

         // zone 1
         DSP4.out_count = (2 + 4 * segments);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index, segments);
         index += 2;

         for (lcv = 1; lcv <= segments; lcv++)
         {
            int16_t pos1, pos2;

            // pre-compute
            pos1 = path_pos[0] + ((left_inc * lcv) >> 8) + dx1;
            pos2 = path_pos[1] + ((right_inc * lcv) >> 8) + dx2;

            // clip offscreen data
            if (pos1 < path_clipLeft[0]) pos1 = path_clipLeft[0];
            if (pos1 > path_clipRight[0]) pos1 = path_clipRight[0];
            if (pos2 < path_clipLeft[1]) pos2 = path_clipLeft[1];
            if (pos2 > path_clipRight[1]) pos2 = path_clipRight[1];

#if 0
            if (pos1 == 0x00ff) pos1 = 0;
            if (pos2 == 0x00ff) pos2 = 0;
            path_ptr[0] = -1;
            pos1 = -1;
            pos2 = -1;
#endif

            // data
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index, path_ptr[0]);
            index += 2;
            DSP4.output[index++] = pos1 & 0xFF;
            DSP4.output[index++] = pos2 & 0xFF;

            // post-update
            path_ptr[0] -= 4;
            path_ptr[1] -= 4;
         }
         lcv--;

         if (segments > 0)
         {
            // project points w/out the envelopes
            int16_t inc = ((path_x[0] - x_left) << 8) / segments;

            // post-store
            path_pos[0] += ((inc * lcv) >> 8);
            path_pos[1] += ((inc * lcv) >> 8);

            path_x[0] = x_left;
            path_y[0] = y_left;
         }

         //////////////////////////////////////////////
         // zone 2
         segments = abs(y_right - path_y[1]);

         // prevent overdraw
         if (y_right >= path_raster[2]) segments = 0;
         else path_raster[2] = y_right;

         // don't draw outside the window
         if (path_raster[2] < path_top[2]) segments = 0;

         // proceed if visibility rules apply
         if (segments > 0)
         {
            // use previous data
            dx1 = (envelope1 * path_plane[1] / view_plane);
            dx2 = (envelope2 * path_plane[1] / view_plane);

            // use temporary envelope pitch (this frame only)
            dx3 = (envelope1 * plane / view_plane);
            dx4 = (envelope2 * plane / view_plane);

            // project new shapes (left side)
            x1_final = x_left + dx1;
            x2_final = path_x[1] + dx3;

            // interpolate between projected points with shaping
            left_inc = ((x2_final - x1_final) << 8) / segments;

            // project new shapes (right side)
            x1_final = x_left + dx2;
            x2_final = path_x[1] + dx4;

            // interpolate between projected points with shaping
            right_inc = ((x2_final - x1_final) << 8) / segments;

            path_plane[1] = plane;
         }

         // write out results
         DSP4.out_count += (2 + 4 * segments);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index, segments);
         index += 2;

         for (lcv = 1; lcv <= segments; lcv++)
         {
            int16_t pos1, pos2;

            // pre-compute
            pos1 = path_pos[2] + ((left_inc * lcv) >> 8) + dx1;
            pos2 = path_pos[3] + ((right_inc * lcv) >> 8) + dx2;

            // clip offscreen data
            if (pos1 < path_clipLeft[2]) pos1 = path_clipLeft[2];
            if (pos1 > path_clipRight[2]) pos1 = path_clipRight[2];
            if (pos2 < path_clipLeft[3]) pos2 = path_clipLeft[3];
            if (pos2 > path_clipRight[3]) pos2 = path_clipRight[3];

#if 0
            if (pos1 == 0x00ff) pos1 = 0;
            if (pos2 == 0x00ff) pos2 = 0;
            path_ptr[2] = -1;
            //pos1 = -1;
            pos2 = -1;
#endif

            // data
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index, path_ptr[2]);
            index += 2;
            DSP4.output[index++] = pos1 & 0xFF;
            DSP4.output[index++] = pos2 & 0xFF;

            // post-update
            path_ptr[2] -= 4;
            path_ptr[3] -= 4;
         }
         lcv--;

         if (segments > 0)
         {
            // project points w/out the envelopes
            int16_t inc = ((path_x[1] - x_right) << 8) / segments;

            // post-store
            path_pos[2] += ((inc * lcv) >> 8);
            path_pos[3] += ((inc * lcv) >> 8);

            path_x[1] = x_right;
            path_y[1] = y_right;
         }
      }
   }
   while (1);

   DSP4.waiting4command = true;
   DSP4.out_count = 2;
   DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, 0);
}

#undef PRINT

#if OP==0x000D
#define PRINT
#endif

void DSP4_Op0D()
{
   uint16_t command;

   DSP4.waiting4command = false;

   // op flow control
   switch (DSP4_Logic)
   {
   case 1:
      goto resume1;
      break;
   case 2:
      goto resume2;
      break;
   }

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // process initial inputs

   // sort inputs
   // 0x00 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
   project_focaly = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
   raster = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
   viewport_top = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
   project_y = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
   viewport_bottom = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
   project_x1low = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);
   project_x1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);
   project_focalx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);
   project_centerx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x10);
   project_ptr = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x12);
   // 0xc0 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x14);
   project_pitchylow = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x16);
   project_pitchy = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x18);
   project_pitchxlow = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1a);
   project_pitchx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1c);
   far_plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x1e);
   // ? = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x20);

   // multi-op storage
   multi_index1++;
   multi_index1 %= 4;

   // remap 0D->09 window data ahead of time
   // index starts at 1-3,0
   //
   // Op0D: BL,TL,BR,TR
   // Op09: TL,TR,BL,BR (1,2,3,0)
   switch (multi_index1)
   {
   case 1:
      multi_index2 = 3;
      break;
   case 2:
      multi_index2 = 1;
      break;
   case 3:
      multi_index2 = 0;
      break;
   case 0:
      multi_index2 = 2;
      break;
   }

   // pre-compute
   view_plane = PLANE_START;

   // figure out projection data
   project_y -= viewport_bottom;
   project_x = project_centerx + project_x1;

   // debug
   block = 0;

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // command check

   do
   {
      // scan next command
      DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(1) resume1:

      // inspect input
      command = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

      // terminate op
      if (command == 0x8000) break;

      // already have 2 bytes in queue
      DSP4.in_index = 2;
      DSP4.in_count = 8;

      DSP4_WAIT(2)

      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // project section of the track

      // inspect inputs
      int16_t plane;
      int16_t index, lcv;
      int16_t py_dy, px_dx;
      int16_t y_out, x_out;

resume2:

      plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);
      py_dy = 0;
      px_dx = 0;


      // ignore invalid data
      if ((uint16_t) plane == 0x8001) continue;

      // one-time init
      if (far_plane)
      {
         // setup final data
         // low16=plane
         project_x1 = project_focalx;
         project_y1 = project_focaly;
         plane = far_plane;
         far_plane = 0;
      }

      // use proportional triangles to project new coords
      project_x2 = project_focalx * plane / view_plane;
      project_y2 = project_focaly * plane / view_plane;

      // quadratic regression (rough)
      if (project_focaly >= -0x0f)
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.20533553
                         - 1.08330005 * project_focaly - 69.61094639);
      else
         py_dy = (int16_t)(project_focaly * project_focaly * -0.000657035759
                         - 1.07629051 * project_focaly - 65.69315963);

      // approximate # of raster lines
      segments = abs(project_y2 - project_y1);

      // prevent overdraw
      if (project_y2 >= raster) segments = 0;
      else raster = project_y2;

      // don't draw outside the window
      if (project_y2 < viewport_top) segments = 0;

      // project new positions
      if (segments > 0)
      {
         // interpolate between projected points
         px_dx = ((project_x2 - project_x1) << 8) / segments;
      }

      // debug
      ++block;

#ifdef PRINT
      printf("(line %d) Op0D check %02X, plane %04X\n", c, (uint16_t)segments,
             (uint16_t)(plane));
#endif

      // prepare output
      DSP4.out_count = 8 + 2 + 6 * segments;

      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, project_focalx);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, project_x2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, project_focaly);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(6, project_y2);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(8, segments);
#if 0
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(6, -1);
      DSP4_WRITE_WORD(8, -1);
#endif

      index = 10;

      // iterate through each point
      for (lcv = 0; lcv < segments; lcv++)
      {
         // step through the projected line
         y_out = project_y + ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
         x_out = project_x + ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

#if 0
         project_ptr = -1;
         //y_out=-1;
         x_out = -1;
#endif

         // data
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 0, project_ptr);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 2, y_out);
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(index + 4, x_out);
         index += 6;

         // post-update
         project_ptr -= 4;
      }

      // post-update
      project_y += ((py_dy * lcv) >> 8);
      project_x += ((px_dx * lcv) >> 8);

      if (segments > 0)
      {
         project_x1 = project_x2;
         project_y1 = project_y2;

         // multi-op storage
         multi_farplane[multi_index2] = plane;
         multi_raster[multi_index2] = project_y1;
      }

      // update focal projection points
      project_pitchy += (int8_t)DSP4.parameters[3];
      project_pitchx += (int8_t)DSP4.parameters[5];

      project_focaly += project_pitchy;
      project_focalx += project_pitchx;
   }
   while (1);

   DSP4.waiting4command = true;
   DSP4.out_count = 0;
}

#undef PRINT

#if OP==0x0009
#define PRINT
#endif

#if OP==0x0006
#define PRINT
#endif

void DSP4_Op09()
{
   uint16_t command;

   DSP4.waiting4command = false;

   // op flow control
   switch (DSP4_Logic)
   {
   case 1:
      goto resume1;
      break;
   case 2:
      goto resume2;
      break;
   case 3:
      goto resume3;
      break;
   case 4:
      goto resume4;
      break;
   case 5:
      goto resume5;
      break;
   case 6:
      goto resume6;
      break;
   case 7:
      goto resume7;
      break;
   }

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // process initial inputs

   // debug
   block = 0;

   // grab screen information
   view_plane = PLANE_START;
   center_x = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
   center_y = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
   // 0x00 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
   viewport_left = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
   viewport_right = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
   viewport_top = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
   viewport_bottom = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);

#ifdef PRINT2
   printf("Window: (%04X,%04X) (%04X,%04X)\n",
          viewport_left, viewport_right, viewport_top, viewport_bottom);
#endif

   // expand viewport dimensions
   viewport_left -= 8;

   // cycle through viewport window data
   multi_index1++;
   multi_index1 %= 4;

#if 1
   // convert track line to the window region
   project_y2 = center_y + multi_raster[multi_index1] *
                (viewport_bottom - center_y) / (0x33 - 0);
   if (op09_mode == 0) project_y2 -= 2;
#endif

   goto no_sprite;

   do
   {
      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // check for new sprites

      do
      {
         uint16_t second;

         DSP4.in_count = 4;
         DSP4.in_index = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(1) resume1:

         // try to classify sprite
         second = DSP4_READ_WORD(2);

         // op termination
         if (second == 0x8000) goto terminate;

         second >>= 8;
         sprite_type = 0;

         // vehicle sprite
         if (second == 0x90)
         {
            sprite_type = 1;
            break;
         }
         // terrain sprite
         else if (second != 0)
         {
            sprite_type = 2;
            break;
         }

no_sprite:
         // no sprite. try again

         DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(2) resume2:
         ;
      }
      while (1);

      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      // process projection information

sprite_found:
      // vehicle sprite
      if (sprite_type == 1)
      {
         int16_t plane;
         int16_t car_left, car_right;
         // int16_t car_left_a;
         int16_t focal_back;
//         int16_t focal_front;

         // we already have 4 bytes we want
         DSP4.in_count = 6 + 12;
         DSP4.in_index = 4;

DSP4_WAIT(3) resume3:

         // filter inputs
         project_y1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
         focal_back = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
         // focal_front = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
         // car_left_a = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
         car_left = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);
         plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0e);
         car_right = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x10);

         // calculate car's x-center
         project_focalx = car_right - car_left;

         // determine how far into the screen to project
         project_focaly = focal_back;
         project_x = project_focalx * plane / view_plane;
         segments = 0x33 - project_focaly * plane / view_plane;
         far_plane = plane;

         // prepare memory
         sprite_x = center_x + project_x;
         sprite_y = viewport_bottom - segments;
         far_plane = plane;

         // debug
         ++block;

         // make the car's x-center available
         DSP4.out_count = 2;
         DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, project_focalx);

         // grab a few remaining vehicle values
         DSP4.in_count = 4;

         DSP4_WAIT(4)

         // store final values
         int height;

resume4:
         height = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);
         sprite_offset = DSP4_READ_WORD(2);

         // vertical lift factor
         sprite_y += height;
      }
      // terrain sprite
      else if (sprite_type == 2)
      {
         int16_t plane;

         // we already have 4 bytes we want
         DSP4.in_count = 6 + 6 + 2;
         DSP4.in_index = 4;

DSP4_WAIT(5) resume5:

         // sort loop inputs
         project_y1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x00);
         plane = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x02);
         project_centerx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x04);
         //project_y1 = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x06);
         project_focalx = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x08);
         project_focaly = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0a);
         sprite_offset = DSP4_READ_WORD(0x0c);

         // determine distances into virtual world
         segments = 0x33 - project_y1;
         project_x = project_focalx * plane / view_plane;
         project_y = project_focaly * plane / view_plane;

         // prepare memory
         sprite_x = center_x + project_x - project_centerx;
         sprite_y = viewport_bottom - segments + project_y;
         far_plane = plane;

         // debug
         ++block;
      }

      // default sprite size: 16x16
      sprite_size = 1;

      // convert tile data to OAM

      do
      {
         DSP4.in_count = 2;

DSP4_WAIT(6) resume6:

         command = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

         // opcode termination
         if (command == 0x8000) goto terminate;

         // toggle sprite size
         if (command == 0x0000)
         {
            sprite_size = !sprite_size;
#ifdef PRINT
            printf("TOGGLE=%02X\n", (uint8_t)sprite_size);
#endif
            continue;
         }

         // new sprite information
         command >>= 8;
         if (command != 0x20 && command != 0x40 &&
               command != 0x60 && command != 0xa0 &&
               command != 0xc0 && command != 0xe0)
            break;

         DSP4.in_count = 6;
         DSP4.in_index = 2;

         DSP4_WAIT(7)

         /////////////////////////////////////
         // process tile data

         bool clip;
         int16_t sp_x, sp_y, sp_oam, sp_msb;
         int16_t sp_dx, sp_dy;

resume7:

         // sprite deltas
         sp_dy = DSP4_READ_WORD(2);
         sp_dx = DSP4_READ_WORD(4);

         // update coordinates
         sp_y = sprite_y + sp_dy;
         sp_x = sprite_x + sp_dx;

         // reject points outside the clipping window
         clip = false;
         if (sp_x < viewport_left || sp_x > viewport_right) clip = true;
         if (sp_y < viewport_top || sp_y > viewport_bottom) clip = true;

         // track depth sorting
         if (far_plane <= multi_farplane[multi_index1] &&
               sp_y >= project_y2) clip = true;

#ifdef PRINT2
         printf("(line %d) %04X, %04X, %04X / %04X %04X\n", line,
                (uint16_t)sp_x, (uint16_t)sp_y, (uint16_t)far_plane,
                (uint16_t)multi_farplane[multi_index1], (uint16_t)project_y2);
#endif

         // don't draw offscreen coordinates
         DSP4.out_count = 0;
         if (!clip)
         {
            int16_t out_index = 0;
            int16_t offset = DSP4_READ_WORD(0);

            // update sprite nametable/attribute information
            sp_oam = sprite_offset + offset;
            sp_msb = (sp_x < 0 || sp_x > 255);

#ifdef PRINT
            printf("(line %d) %04X, %04X, %04X, %04X, %04X\n", line,
                   (uint16_t)sp_oam, (uint16_t)sprite_offset, (uint16_t)offset,
                   (uint16_t)sp_x, (uint16_t)sp_y);
#endif

            // emit transparency information
            if (
               (sprite_offset & 0x08) &&
               ((sprite_type == 1 && sp_y >= 0xcc) ||
                (sprite_type == 2 && sp_y >= 0xbb))
            )
            {
               DSP4.out_count = 6;

               // one block of OAM data
               DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, 1);

               // OAM: x,y,tile,no attr
               DSP4.output[2] = sp_x & 0xFF;
               DSP4.output[3] = (sp_y + 6) & 0xFF;
               DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, 0xEE);

               out_index = 6;

               // OAM: size,msb data
               DSP4_Op06(sprite_size, (char) sp_msb);
            }

            // normal data
            DSP4.out_count += 8;

            // one block of OAM data
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(out_index + 0, 1);

            // OAM: x,y,tile,attr
            DSP4.output[out_index + 2] = sp_x & 0xFF;
            DSP4.output[out_index + 3] = sp_y & 0xFF;
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(out_index + 4, sp_oam);

            // no following OAM data
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(out_index + 6, 0);

            // OAM: size,msb data
            DSP4_Op06(sprite_size, (char) sp_msb);

#if 0
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(2, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(4, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(6, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(8, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(10, -1);
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(12, -1);
#endif
         }

         // no sprite information
         if (DSP4.out_count == 0)
         {
            DSP4.out_count = 2;
            DSP4_WRITE_WORD(0, 0);
         }
      }
      while (1);

      /////////////////////////////////////
      // special cases: plane == 0x0000

      // special vehicle case
      if (command == 0x90)
      {
         sprite_type = 1;

         // shift bytes
         DSP4.parameters[2] = DSP4.parameters[0];
         DSP4.parameters[3] = DSP4.parameters[1];
         DSP4.parameters[0] = 0;
         DSP4.parameters[1] = 0;

         goto sprite_found;
      }
      // special terrain case
      else if (command != 0x00 && command != 0xff)
      {
         sprite_type = 2;

         // shift bytes
         DSP4.parameters[2] = DSP4.parameters[0];
         DSP4.parameters[3] = DSP4.parameters[1];
         DSP4.parameters[0] = 0;
         DSP4.parameters[1] = 0;

         goto sprite_found;
      }
   }
   while (1);

terminate:
   DSP4.waiting4command = true;
   DSP4.out_count = 0;
}

#undef PRINT